Septic Tanks
A septic tank is typically located underground.
Can be constructed of concrete, high density plastic, or fiberglass.
A septic tank is where raw sewage is collected and primary treatment occurs through settling of solids (sludge), separation of light and floatable materials (scum), and clear wastewater exits the tank
May have baffles (similar to a wall) to help retain solids (usually located at 2/3 distance from inlet).
It usually takes wastewater 2 to 3 days to travel from the inlet to the outlet of the septic tank-before entering the disposal field. As raw wastewater enters the inlet of the tank, clear wastewater free of solids and scum exits the outlet of the tank.
May have a filter on the outlet baffle which requires periodic cleaning and should be cleaned when pumping a septic tank.
Septic Tanks and Fields
Households and establishments in rural areas typically have on-site systems for treating wastewater.
The disposal field is where the partially treated wastewater is treated and disposed into the ground.
Most commonly, these on-site systems consist of a septic tank and a disposal field.
The disposal field can consist of buried perforated pipes, gravel trench, sand beds, etc.
Why pump septic tanks?
Prevent the carry-over of solids from the tank into the disposal field.
Prevent public health hazards.
Extend the life of the disposal field and prevent leakage and clogging.
To remove septage/sludge for further treatment.
To protect the environment from pollution.
System maintenance.
Health Concerns
Ensuring proper treatment and disposal of wastewater is extremely important for protecting human health.
Microorganisms can spread disease by contaminating clean water sources that may be used for drinking or recreation.
If not treated properly, wastewater contains illness causing organisms such as bacteria and viruses.
Untreated wastewater that reaches water used for drinking water can result in significant health risks for a community or household.